Gardening: Plant and Garden

Probably the soonest interest in life was watching things develop; Observing little apparently dormant seeds transform into congested natural product bearing vegetation was to me just amazing. My mother had a nursery in the back yard and I would consistently assist her with watching out for it. I used to imagine I was a rancher taking a shot at my property. Each morning I would be so loaded up with fervor as I went out back to beware of my yields. As I developed more seasoned and made a few companions I bit by bit lost my energy for developing veggies. In any case, this past spring I didn't go to class and had some time to burn, so I chose to attempt to restore a past love interest of mine. Planting. Coming up next is a guide on the best way to begin and deal with a nursery contrived from my own understanding on â€Å"the farm†. First let me clarify that so as to have a tastefully satisfying and plentiful nursery it takes a great deal of work. There is consistent upkeep that is required. You need to need to deal with it. In the event that a nursery isn't appropriately kept an eye on your plants will pass on and be invaded by undesirable weeds/bugs. To start your first errand ought to be to choose a fitting spot for your nursery. While choosing the borders of your nursery remember that you need a moderately radiant spot all year. For example in the event that you pick a spot in March when the trees are exposed it may be radiant at the same time, in June when the encompassing trees are canvassed in leaves they may dominate your nursery. Some shade is alright however, to get the best outcomes from your nursery pick a recognize that your genuinely certain is bright or will be radiant more often than not. Ensure your spot has great waste; if the territory where you’re considering putting your nursery normally floods it isn't the best spot for a nursery. Another choice you have to make is whether to utilize raised beds or not. A raised bed is essentially an open box loaded up with soil as a rule around 6 inches tall. This year I attempted a raised bed nursery and found that it has a few points of interest: It fundamentally killed ordinary weeding (which can be an errand), it got numerous irritations far from my veggies, and it looked pleasant. In any case, raised beds do require increasingly starting work to set up and are all the more exorbitant contrasted with customary nurseries. So now that you’ve discovered your spot it’s time to arrange for what you need to develop. Make sense of what sort of nursery you need. Would you like to develop Vegetables? Herbs? Blossoms? Or on the other hand maybe a mix of the three? I lean toward developing vegetables on the grounds that it’s continually compensating to eat your reward for all the hard work. This year I found that tomatoes, cucumbers, peppers, lettuce, eggplant, beans, and zucchini all do very well in raised beds. In any case, certain vegetables that require loads of room like pumpkins or watermelon don't. Since you made sense of what you’re going to develop plot out on some piece paper where you will plant your yields in your nursery. Remember that specific plants need more space than others. At the point when you purchase your seeds read the plant dispersing guidelines cautiously. You don’t need to plant anything outside before the last ice since it will murder your seedlings. By May (in southern New York) it’s safe to plant your seeds legitimately in the ground. Peruse the guidelines on the rear of each seed parcel to know precisely when and how profound to plant them. In the event that you need a head start you could even go to your nearby nursery and select some child plants. When you’re transplanting from a compartment ensure that you water the plant before taking it out in light of the fact that you could harm the roots, so be gentile. When your plants are in the ground it’s significant that you avoid potential risk to ward off bugs and critters. The raised beds will fend off most creepy crawlies and little creatures yet on the off chance that you have gophers, bunnies, and deer in your local you will require a fence. When the fence is set up a large portion of the difficult work is finished. Simply ensure you consistently water your plants, particularly during summer’s most sultry days. Too ensure you pluck any weeds that show up. By June your nursery will be in full sprout. Also, when July/August comes around your veggies will be prepared to gather. Thinking about back this year’s garden causes me to feel achieved. I’m happy I stepped up to the plate and by and by be a nursery worker. It was a great deal of work at the same time, the prizes were certainly justified, despite all the trouble. There is in no way like some home developed veggies. I felt like a little child again when I was restlessly keeping an eye on my nursery each grieving. I am unquestionably going to have a nursery again this spring. In the event that you need to encounter something really fulfilling and you have the opportunity, I would strongly suggest you have a go at having a nursery as well.

Working Capital Management Assignment :: Business Finance

Working Capital Management Worksheet Concept Application of Concept in Scenario Citation of Concept in Reading Personal Experience in your Organization Momentary financing plan: • Bank advance Ââ€"acquiring from the bank. • Stretching payable Ââ€"putting off taking care of its tabs. Because of the circumstance that Lawrence has placed the organization into, in which Lawrence had obtained from the bank and conceded installment to Gartner by a week. Brealey, 2005, p. 852 In request to meet the liabilities of conceded charge installment and the organization's payable commitment, my organization has applied for a spinning credit line by our loan specialist. So for the short-run, my organization where I am working for has figured out how to make installment on schedule. Monetary planning: • Cash inflow. • Cash surge. The assignment forced on the CFO of arranging money inflow and money surge to hold in any event at least $50,000 every week while keeping the credit weight to the least level required a cautious budgetary planning. Brealey, 2005, p.849 At my organization, a financial plan for expecting costs related with a specific property will be arranged. Enhancements for the property and anticipated money inflow will be evaluated so as to have the required money convenient for the up and coming month. Credit Management: • Accounts receivables. • Accounts payables. As to task required dependent on the situation in the recreation, the CFO needs to haggle transient installment and assortment courses of action with its colleagues for keeping the measure of money the organization needs to get as low as possible. Brealey, 2005, p.814 Property administrators are advised to gather rents from inhabitants however much as could reasonably be expected every month. To invest this energy and urging them to truly make the endeavors, unique reward is paid out if a specific rate on all out lease for the property has been reached. Working Capital Management Worksheet Concept Application of Concept in Scenario Citation of Concept in Reading Personal Experience in your Organization Money: • Offering liquidity. • Being more ready if there should be an occurrence of money lack. The prerequisite of holding in any event at least $50,000 on money applies to the idea that money has greater liquidity to offer. Likewise having enough money close by increment the possibility for the organization to make due for unforeseen occasion as outlined in the situation where extra liabilities were expected in view of poor bundling and taking care of about the sent types of gear. Brealey, 2005, p.821 This idea can likewise be seen in the organization where I am with. Other than the week after week check slice to meet our commitments, extra money has been set aside by our controller. When it has arrived at the set level, surplus will be circulated to different properties that have financing deficiencies for arranged undertakings.

How the Three Types of Conjunctions Connect Ideas

How the Three Types of Conjunctions Connect Ideas How the Three Types of Conjunctions Connect Ideas How the Three Types of Conjunctions Connect Ideas By Mark Nichol This post characterizes and examines the three sorts of conjunctions (words or expressions that fill in as an extension connecting two words, expressions, provisions, or sentences): organizing, correlative, and subjecting conjunctions. Planning Conjunctions Planning conjunctions, additionally called organizers, join words, conditions, or sentences of equivalent significance. The most widely recognized organizing conjunctions, regularly recorded in the accompanying request to mirror the utilization of the memory helper FANBOYS, incorporate for, and, nor, however, or, yet, thus. Others are not one or the other, just, and â€Å"no more,† just as a few British English conjunctive expressions that consolidate one of the six conjunctions other than nor with that one, (for example, â€Å"and nor†). Instances of the ten recorded conjunctions being used, joined by a portrayal of their capacities, follow: I strolled, for I needed exercise. (method of reasoning) I strolled, and I ran. (expansion) I neither strolled nor ran. (elective without differentiate) I strolled, however I ran, as well. (differentiation or special case) I (either) strolled, or I ran. (elective with differentiate) I strolled, yet I ran, as well. (difference or special case) I strolled gradually, so I hurried to make up for lost time. (outcome) I don’t walk; neither do I run. (expansion) I don’t walk; no more do I run. (expansion) I would walk, just I run. (differentiate) Note that the differentiation among nor and additionally, which are commonly went with, separately, by neither and either (in spite of the fact that the last is parenthesized in the appropriate model since it is discretionary), is that with not one or the other/nor, the decisions don't influence one another, while with either/or, one decision counteracts the other. However, but are for all intents and purposes exchangeable, while the three expansion conjunctions, and, not one or the other, and â€Å"no more,† are recorded arranged by convention, with â€Å"no more† for the most part limited to formal or graceful utilization. Just is utilized in the feeling of â€Å"That [one idea] would be valid if this [another idea] were not.† Correlative Conjunctions Correlative conjunctions incorporate, among others, the accompanying word or expression sets, which capacity to analyze two sets of words or expressions in a sentence that have equivalent weight; each is trailed by a model: so much/as: Vacations like that can be a torment as much as they are a delight. as/as: This gathering is as dull as I anticipated that it should be. both/and: Both the vehicle and the truck are new. either/or: Either go now, or hold until some other time. similarly as/so: Just as you appreciate setting off to the theater, I like watching films. not one or the other/nor: Neither my dad or my mom was brought into the world here. no sooner/than: No sooner had she perused the letter than he showed up. not/however: It isn't me yet her who is to be faulted. but additionally: I am worn out as well as furious. Or maybe/than: I would prefer to play tennis than golf today. the/the: The more you read about it, the more prominent a difficult it is by all accounts. regardless of whether/orv We couldn’t tell whether the child is a kid or a young lady. A few sentences fusing correlative conjunctions are simpler to develop than others. Those including either/or and not one or the other/nor, and â€Å"not only†/â€Å"but also,† are frequently wrongly formed in light of the fact that the primary word or expression is inaccurately arranged in the linguistic structure of the sentence. Note, for instance, that in the accompanying sentence, the position of â€Å"either be capable to† recommends that â€Å"carry on† will have a contrast later in the sentence: â€Å"Smith ought to either have the option to continue contributing by means of his value plan or by utilizing the duty cover inside the new reserve funds account.† However, the antitheses, isolated by or, the second of the two correlative conjunctions, are â€Å"his value plan† and â€Å"using the assessment shelter,† so either ought to promptly go before the first of the two decisions, similarly as or quickly goes before the subsequent option: â€Å"Smith ought to have the option to continue contributing either by means of his value plan or by utilizing the expense cover inside the new investment funds account.† In like manner, in â€Å"People didn't just consider him to be an extraordinary competitor yet additionally as an incredible man,† the recommendation is that individuals completed two things comparable to the subject, including seeing him and something different. Be that as it may, the expected significance is that they saw him in two settings, so â€Å"not only,† like â€Å"but also,† applies to saw and ought to thusly tail it, while â€Å"not only† promptly goes before â€Å"as an incredible athlete,† similarly as â€Å"but also† quickly goes before â€Å"as an extraordinary man†: â€Å"People saw him as an incredible competitor as well as an incredible man.† Subjecting Conjunctions Subjecting conjunctions, which join free statements and ward conditions, or present verb-modifying provisions, incorporate, among others, the accompanying words and expressions: after in spite of the fact that as â€Å"as far as† as though â€Å"as long as† â€Å"as soon as† â€Å"as though† since previously â€Å"even if† â€Å"even though† â€Å"every time† on the off chance that â€Å"in request that† once â€Å"provided that† â€Å"rather than† since so â€Å"so that† than however except if until when at whatever point where while any place while why A word intensifying condition is the start of a sentence, for example, â€Å"After looking through the work area, I checked the record cabinet.† a similar sentence can be transformed with the goal that the subjecting combination connects the autonomous provision â€Å"I checked the document cabinet† and the reliant proviso â€Å"searching the desk.† Filling a comparable job are conjunctions in fact known as complementizers, for example, that and whether, which transform a statement into a sentence’s subject or item. Models remember that for â€Å"John said that she would have been here† (in spite of the fact that that as a complementizer is commonly discretionary) and whether in â€Å"I don’t know whether I can attend.† (Here, as in numerous yet not all utilizations, if is tradable with whether.) Need to improve your English in a short time a day? Get a membership and begin accepting our composing tips and activities day by day! Continue learning! Peruse the Grammar classification, check our well known posts, or pick a related post below:100 Whimsical WordsProbable versus Possible15 Names and Descriptions of Effects

The influence of Gender and Alcohol Consumption Patterns on Alcohol Essay

The impact of Gender and Alcohol Consumption Patterns on Alcohol Expectancy among Undergraduate Students - Essay Example Its about difficult to concentrate every single individual's recognitions regarding the matter of liquor pervasiveness rates, be that as it may, numbers and measurements are consistently a precise instrument for study. Huge numbers of the articles picked to use for explore incorporate study results, promoting assessments, school hard-core boozing considers, brain research related magazines and obviously projects to fix liquor related issues; such Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and social standards programs made by universities to decrease and stop hitting the bottle hard. Actuality, one out of three eighteen to twenty-multi year old people conceded into crisis spaces for genuine wounds are inebriated. Certainty, a twelve-ounce container of lager has a similar measure of liquor as a standard shot of eighty-proof alcohol blended or straight just as a five ounce glass of wine. Actuality, paces of hitting the bottle hard are expanding alarmingly. At the point when liquor and college understudies are close, they are adding to the requirement for school hostile to liquor social projects, exacting laws and guidelines, and obviously, genuine and at times lethal injury. In any case, what is the serious issue and for what reason is it an issue Increasing paces of liquor abuse on school grounds are making an enormous number of negative results including long haul cerebrum harm, long haul prison sentences, and incredibly long haul rest; dead. The fundamental contributing elements to the expanding paces of liquor addiction are legitimately brought about by insufficient laws and guidelines and the unrivaled intensity of control from the multi-media. This paper will be partitioned into five areas; the principal segment will cover the laws and guidelines made by Canadian and American governments, the second and most centered piece of the paper, the advertising intensity of the broad communications and its consequences for the individual, the third segment will talk about why ebb and flow showcasing procedures to reduce the paces of liquor use are falling flat and will keep on coming up short, the fourth segment will focus on a significant number of the slanted measurements of liquor studies and utilize genuine articles and insights to reinforce this claim, and the last segments will manage a large number of the inward and mental components that every individual faces before utilization of liquor; here, explore from brain rese arch diaries and magazines will be condemned and broke down to make a normal and appropriate finish of the past conversations and contentions. Laws And Regulations Of Alcohol In the vast majority of the United States of America, supporters must be twenty-one years old to buy and devour liquor, though in the greater part of Canada, the time of utilization is nineteen, be that as it may, one odd actuality is that at eighteen, Canadians are viewed as grown-ups; that is, they are undoubtedly allowed to cast a ballot, yet not buy or expend

Computional Fluid Dynamics Through a Pipe Free Essays

List of chapters INTRODUCTION3 Method:3 Part 23 Part 33 Part 44 Part 54 RESULTS4 Part 14 Part 26 Part 36 Part 46 Part 5:6 DISCUSSION7 CONCLUSION7 REFERENCES7 INTRODUCTION The fundamental target of this task is to mimic a 3-D wind stream in a funnel utilizing Ansys CFX. The channel was recreated under explicit conditions. These conditions are air temperature to be 25? C (degrees Celsius), one barometrical reference pressure, no warmth move and laminar stream. We will compose a custom paper test on Computional Fluid Dynamics Through a Pipe or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now The outcomes from the recreation of laminar stream in the channel were contrasted and the hypothetical ones. Additionally the work was refined in the reenactment to check whether it is conceivable to get increasingly exact outcomes utilizing lattice assembly examination. Strategy: The funnel utilized in the reproduction has measurements of a 0. 5m hub length and a spiral distance across of 12mm. The air entering the channel, bay speed, is set to 0. 4 m/s at a temperature of 25? C and one climatic weight. No slip condition was determined to the channel dividers. The outlet of funnel was set to zero measure normal static weight. In CFX a work was framed on the funnel with a default work dividing (component size) of 2mm. Figure (1) and (2) shows the arrangement of the model before recreation was preformed Figure 1: Mesh without Inflation Figure 1: Mesh without Inflation Figure 2: Mesh with Inflation Part 2 Calculating the weight drop ? p=fLD? Ub22Equation (1) Calculating Reynolds number Re=UbD/? Condition (2) Friction Factorf=64/ReEquation (3) The outcomes were determined utilizing exceed expectations, and plotted in Figure (3). Section 3 Estimating the passage pipe length Le: Le/D=0. 06ReEquation (4) Having Re=UbD/? Condition (3) The mimicked aftereffects of speed versus hub length were plotted in Figure (5). From the diagram the Le (entrance pipe length) was dictated by evaluating the point in the x-pivot where the bend is straight even line. Section 4 Comparison of the outspread dispersion of the hub speed in the completely evolved district in the mimicked model against the accompanying explanatory condition: UUmax = 1-rr02 Equation (5) The outcomes were determined utilizing exceed expectations, and plotted in Figure (4). Section 5 The reenactment was performed multiple times, each time with an alternate lattice setting. The quantities of hubs were 121156,215875 and 312647 for the first, second and third reenactment. RESULTS Part 1 Figure 3: Pressure Distribution versus Hub Length Figure 3: Pressure Distribution versus Hub Length Figure 4: Axial Velocity versus Outspread Diameter Figure 5: Velocity versus Hub Distance Part 2 Having: Dynamic thickness ? = 1. 835ãâ€"10-5 kg/ms and Density ? = 1. 184 kg/m3 Reynolds Number Re=UbD? == 261. 58 Friction Factorf=64Re== 0. 244667 ?p=0. 965691 Pa From the reproduction the weight assessed at the gulf is ? p=0. 96562 Pa (0. 95295-0. 965691)/0. 965691*100 = 1. 080 % Part 3 Having Re=UbD? =261. 58 The passageway pipe length Le: Le=0. 06Re*D = 0. 188 m From the chart in Figure (3) the Le is evaluated to be ~ 0. 166667 ((0. 166667-0. 188)/0. 188)*100 = 11. 73% Part 4 From the diagram in Figure 2 the hypothetical speed at the focal point of the channel is evaluated to be 0. 8 m/s. From the reproduction the speed at the focal point of the funnel is evaluated to be 0. 660406 m/s. ((0. 688179-0. 8)/0. 8)*100= 13. 98% Part 5: Table 1: Percentage Error for Each Simulation Number of Nodes| Axial Velocity % mistake (%)| Pressure % blunder (%) | 120000 Simulated I| 13. 98| 1. 31| 215000 Simulated II| 12. 42| 2. 24| 312000 Simulated III| 12. 38| 2. 28| Figure 6: Percentage Error versus Number of Nodes Figure 6: Percentage Error versus Number of Nodes The rate blunder for the hub speed results from the first, second and third reenactment were determined and plotted in Figure (6), just as the weight result along the channel. Table (1) shows the pivotal speed and weight rate mistake for every recreation. Conversation After the reproduction was effectively done on Ansys CFX and the reenacted outcomes were contrasted and hypothetical outcomes, it was discovered that the mimicked outcomes have slight deviation from hypothetical ones. In PART 2, he pressure in the mimicked outcome varied by the hypothetical by a 1. 080%, for first recreation. In PART 3, the reenacted outcomes for entrance pipe length, Le, varied from the hypothetical outcomes by 11. 73%. In PART 4, Figure (4), the mimicked speed bend is less exact than that of the hypothetical. In PART 5, coinciding refinements and expansion were done to the reenactment so as to showing s igns of improvement results. Figures (6) appear with more hubs and swelling the precision of the outcomes increments. Expanding the hubs step by step was seen as a bit of leeway where higher or increasingly exact outcomes were acquired. This is noted in matrix combination diagram, Figure (6), as the quantity of hubs increment the weight rate mistake is merging to 2% while for speed rate blunder is uniting to 12%. Then again, the rate mistake expanded with the expansion of the quantity of hubs while the speed blunder diminished with the expansion of number of hubs. In Part 2 the rate blunder for pressure drop is 1. 080%, for first reenactment. Be that as it may, when attempting to expand the exactness of the recreated speed result by refining the cross section and including hubs the weight drop rate blunder increments, as appeared in figure (6). This is because of that Darcy-Weisbach condition, condition (1), accept consistent created stream up and down the funnel where in the reenacted outcomes the stream is seen to become created father down the channel from the gulf. This is expected to change the weight conveyance along the funnel. End More hubs utilized in lattice will deliver increasingly exact and exact outcomes, as appeared in Figure (6). Likewise the lattice plays an indispensable principle on the affectability of results as far as the exactness of these outcomes. REFERENCES [1]Fluid Mechanics Frank M. White Sixth version. 2006 The most effective method to refer to Computional Fluid Dynamics Through a Pipe, Essay models

Admissions Blogs

Admissions Blogs This evening, as I sit reviewing some of the first early action applications of the year, I note that Im getting a lot of new traffic to the blog from a posting on another site asking about admissions officer blogs. This reminds me that we havent officially announced that all of the MIT Admissions blogs including blogs by three admissions officers, the Director of Financial Aid, and 9 current MIT students can now be viewed (without logging in!) at my.mit.edu. I know this has been long requested by non-student visitors to the blogs (including parents, MIT students alumni, and the generally curious), and now its a reality. So, if youre looking for admissions officer blogs, look no further than MyMIT, where youll find the blogs of MIT Admissions Officers Ben Jones and Bryan Nance, as well as Financial Aid Director Daniel Barkowitz. I should also give props to the only other admissions blogs I know of: first, the mawrmawr blog by Bryn Mawr College Senior Associate Director of Admissions Maureen McGonigle, and second, the blog of Olin College Assistant Director of Admissions Emily Roper. Bryn Mawr and Olin are two places I like a lot, and Im not surprised that these two terrific places host the only other admissions blogs I know. Anyway, back to the applications

The Thorns of Change The Role of Ville Rose in Krik Krak! - Literature Essay Samples

Krik? Krak! by Edwidge Danticat is a collection of short stories about Haitians in various circumstances, from being miserable due to extreme poverty to being forced into exile by a dictatorship. The fictional town of Ville Rose is the location of most of the stories, connecting stories that have almost no relation to each other except the occasional mention of characters. Danticat uses Ville Rose to represent the idea of change. Through this symbolism, Danticat shows that pain is a necessary part of change, but will lead to improvement. In the first story, â€Å"Children of the Sea,† the female narrator undergoes significant change, not only emotionally, but also physically escaping to Ville Rose with her family. They plan to run away from the capital city of Port-au-Prince, where bands of macoutes do whatever they want to people, like raping and killing. The female narrator and her parents hear the macoutes beat her neighbor Madan Roger to death: you can hear madan roger screaming. they are beating her, pounding on her until you don’t hear anything else. manman tells papa, you cannot let them kill somebody just because you are afraid. papa says oh, yes, you can let them kill somebody because you are afraid. they are the law. it is their right. (17)Madan Roger’s beating causes significant anguish for the narrator’s mother, who wants to go somehow stop the macoutes from killing their neighbor. Her father has to justify to her mother in a twisted way that since the macoutes have the power, they have to allow them to do whatever they want or they will be hurt too. The narrator describes more dystopian descriptions of brutality in Port-au-Prince like forcing parents and their children to commit incest (12), dogs licking two dead bodies (19), and a soldier accusing a woman of being a witch. However, once the family gets to Ville Rose, the narrator does not experience these scenes anymore. Danticat uses imagery like comparing hail to â€Å"angry tears from heaven† (22) and at the end of the story, â€Å"behind these mountains are more mountains and more black butterflies still and a sea that is endless like my love for you† (29). This is very different the harsh, violent tone that the story has while still in Port-au-Prince, like when the narrator expresses how she hates her father and how she wishes â€Å"he would catch a bullet so we could see how scared he really is† (11). After moving to Ville Rose, the story becomes calmer and focuses on the char acters’ relationships and how they have a new start instead of mainly being about the struggle for survival and how it affects people. By providing two contrasting settings in conjunction with a mood shift in the first story of the book, Danticat establishes Ville Rose as a symbol for change early on, leaving a first impression that the reader will think about throughout the book. In addition to establishing the idea that Ville Rose represents change, â€Å"Children of the Sea† elaborates on this, with Danticat having the characters go through difficult transitions that eventually help them become better people and understand each other. The narrator does not have a good relationship with her father in the beginning of the story: â€Å"i shouted that i wasn’t a whore. he had no business calling me that. he pushed me against the wall for disrespecting him. he spat in my face† (11). At this point, the narrator and her father don’t really understand each other’s motives. The father is desperately trying to get his family out of Port-au-Prince and sees his daughter keeping the tapes as dangerous and would most likely lead to their family being tortured by the macoutes. Frustration and the need to force his family to do what it takes to survive, even if they don’t want to, makes him seem evil and abusive to his daughter. On the other hand, the female narrator is deeply in love with the male narrator and keeps the tapes to hear his voice, and when her father yells at her, she defends her love. Right before the drive to Ville Rose, the father apologizes for his actions, saying that â€Å"father should be able to speak to his children like a civilized man. all the craziness here has made him feel like he cannot do that anymore. all he wants to do is live† (19). Danticat humanizes the father and reveals him not to be a heartless abuser, but rather a man who just wants the best for his family and is willing to do whatever it takes to accomplish that. The narrator understands this too, and forgives her father, knowing that he does not hate his family. In Ville Rose, the narrator’s mother reveals to her that her father bribed the macoutes in order to save his daughter: they were going to peg me as a member of the youth federation and then take me away. papa heard about it. he went to the post a nd paid them money, all the money he had. our house in port-au-prince and all the land his father had left him, he gave it all away to save my life. this is why he was so mad. (24)The narrator is deeply grateful for the sacrifice her father made, saying that he is more than a father to her now that she knows what he sacrificed for her. Although the family was starting to fall apart due to the stress of living in such a dangerous place, the process of getting through to Ville Rose strengthened the bonds between them and taught the female narrator to be grateful for everything her father has done for her, even if it doesn’t seem like he cares for her. The next story, â€Å"Nineteen Thirty-Seven,† further supports the idea that change is painful but will lead to improvement. The main character, Josephine, was born during the massacre of Haitians by Dios Trujillo, the leader of the Dominican Republic. Her mother escaped across the Massacre River, where â€Å"she could still see the soldiers chopping up her mother’s body and throwing it into the river along with many others† (40). This event would have been extremely bloody and traumatic for survivors like Manman, and the terror of narrowly escaping the Dominican soldiers and stress of giving birth right after deeply affected her. However, this allowed Manman to start a new life in a country that had similar people to her, and form relationships with fellow women who lost their mothers in the massacre. She also gave Josephine a chance to live, which would not have been possible if the Dominican soldiers caught and butchered her. After Manman dies in prison, a wom an named Jacqueline, who went to the Massacre River with Josephine and Manman, comes to Josephine’s home in Ville Rose and notifies her that her mother is dead. They go to the prison in Port-au-Prince, where a guard tells them, â€Å"She will be ready for burning this afternoon† (46). Before this, Josephine did not have a very strong reaction to Manman’s death, but this assertion that her mother is truly dead shocks her: â€Å"My blood froze inside me. I lowered my head as the news sank in† (46). She is deeply affected by this because of her strong relationship with her mother, which was strengthened by going on trips to the Massacre River and giving thanks to the river for saving them. Josephine collects her mother’s pillow, which was filled with her hair, showing that she accepts the heritage that Manman has passed down to her. She comes out of this tragic event more aware of her own identity, and viewing her mother as the woman who flew out of t he river instead of the sickly prisoner at death’s door. In many of Krik? Krak!’s stories, the setting is Ville Rose. Each time a story takes place there, the main characters go through some kind of change that hurts them at first, but eventually helps them become a better person. The female narrator’s chance at a regime-free life and Josephine’s better understanding of her culture and mother, which both came at a sacrifice, provides insight into Danticat’s view of Haiti: although Haiti has been subject to numerous coups, periods of tyrannical rule, and natural disasters, it still maintains its unique blend of French and African culture, which has only gotten richer over time.

Comparing A Midsummer Nights Dream and Romeo and Juliet...

Although many Shakespearean plays are very similar to one another, two stand out from the rest as sharing a great deal in common. Specific, solid parallels can be drawn between Shakespeares plays A Midsummer Nights Dream and Romeo and Juliet. The themes and characters are remarkably similar in many aspects. Firstly, both plays highlight the stereotypical young lovers - Hermia and Lysander in A Midsummer Nights Dream and Romeo and Juliet in Romeo and Juliet. Secondly, both plays are very ambiguously categorized. By this I mean that each could have been a tragedy just as easily as a drama (with a few minor modifications). By definition, a tragic play is a play in which the main character has a fatal flaw that leads to†¦show more content†¦It is too rash, too unadvised, too sudden. She feels that because they have just met, they should abstain from vaginal penetration of any type. Hermia is also young, and prudent. When Lysander suggests that One turf shall serve as a pillow for both of us, One heart, one bed, two bosoms, and one troth, Hermia replies Nay, good Lysander. For my sake, my dear, Lie further off yet; do not lie so near. Although this couple has known each other for a while (Romeo and Juliet knew each other for one night when the above quote was spoken), Hermia also abstains from even sleeping near Lysander even though she believes he does not have impure intentions. Romeos and Juliets families are feuding. Because of these feuds, their own parents will not allow the lovers to see each other. In the a differnet way Hermia is not allowed to marry Lysander. Hermias father Egeus says to Theseus, Duke of Athens, Full of vexation come I, with complaint Against my child, my daughter Hermia. Stand fourth, Demetrius. My noble lord, This man hath my consent to marry her. Stand forth, Lysander. And, my gracious Duke, This man hath bewitched the bosom of my child. Egeus tells the Duke that his daughter can marry Demetrius, not Lysander. Hermia replies . . . If I refuse to wed Demetrius, Egeus replies Either toShow MoreRelated A Comparison of A Midsummer Nights Dream and Romeo and Juliet992 Words   |  4 PagesParallel Themes and Characters in A Midsummer Nights Dreamnbsp;and Romeo and Julietnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Certain parallels can be drawn between William Shakespeares plays, A Midsummer Nights Dream, and Romeo and Juliet. These parallels concern themes and prototypical Shakespearian character types. Both plays have a distinct pair of lovers, Hermia and Lysander, and Romeo and Juliet, respectively. Both plays could have also easily been tragedy or comedy with a few simple changesRead MoreComparing Differnet Acts of Shakespearian Plays: Romeo and Juliet and Midsummer Night ´s Dream564 Words   |  3 Pagesof Romeo and Juliet and Midsummer Night’s Dream they both were written by William Shakespeare and they both have lovers. Even though they have these similarities the things that will be focused on comparing are Acts 1-3 in Romeo and Juliet and Midsummer Night’s Dream. The First thing being compared in the two stories will be Act 1. In Act 1 of Romeo and Juliet the play starts with a bloody brawl and ends with two lovers meeting at a party, while on the other hand Midsummer Night’s Dream startsRead More The Nature of Love Explored in A Midsummer Nights Dream1563 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"The course of true love never did run smooth,† comments Lysander of love’s complications in an exchange with Hermia (Shakespeare I.i.136). Although the play A Midsummer Night’s Dream certainly deals with the difficulty of romance, it is not considered a true love story like Romeo and Juliet. Shakespeare, as he unfolds the story, intentionally distances the audience from the emotions of the characters so he can caricature the anguish and burdens endured by the lovers. Through his masterful useRead More Uncovering Worth Unknown: The Constancy of Love in Sonnet 1162370 Words   |  10 Pagescareer in 1592 when Henry VI was first p roduced and performed (Branam). Most notably writing plays such as Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, and A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Shakespeare wrote thirty-seven plays altogether, according to general consensus (Gibson). Also notable, though, were his sonnets. Shakespeare began writing his sonnets at approximately the same time as his completion of Romeo and Juliet. One such sonnet is Sonnet 116, or â€Å"Let me not to the marriage of true minds,† which is found in the â€Å"FairRead MoreA Midsummer Nights Dream by William Shakespeare Essay2727 Words   |  11 PagesA Midsummer Nights Dream by William Shakespeare The Course Of True Love Never Did Run Smoothà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Explain how Shakespeare demonstrates this concept of love in the play. Shakespeare often used his plays to explore different feelings and emotions. He has written tragic plays, humorous plays and romances. Shakespeare often uses love as a theme within his plays, this is shown in plays such as Romeo and Juliet, Much Ado About Nothing, Twelfth NightRead MorePeriods of English Literature1515 Words   |  7 Pagesof the tales that the bards sang, the ancient folk tales of the Anglo-Saxons. The monks also tried to infuse the Anglo-Saxons with a love for Christianity, where the heroes were Christ and his Apostles, by writing poetry such as â€Å"Cinewulf†, â€Å"The Dream of the Rood† and â€Å"Elene†. It was a monk, in fact, who wrote down the tale of â€Å"Beowulf†, the most celebrated tale of the period. â€Å"Beowulf† is a folk epic that is representative of the Old English period, in both life and character. â€Å"Beowulf†Read MoreCharacterization Of Macbeth1276 Words   |  6 Pagessignificance of his warning, Shakespeare’s writing style also changes during James’ reign compared to Elizabeth’s reign. While Shakespeare was creating more romantic and positive tragedies and comedies during the Elizabethan era(such as A Midsummer Night’s Dream and Romeo and Juliet), during the early 17th century, the Jacobean era, Shakespeare began writing darker tragedies such as Hamlet, Othello, and Macbeth. Shakespeare’s writing in the Jacobean era were more about how persuasive corruption can ruin a hero

Freedom Extended Definition - 690 Words

Freedom Lives Within Three people are walking down a New York City street. One is a Black man, one is an Asian woman, and the other person is a White man. One can easily picture the three people walking beside one another because the image is not bizarre or strange, rather; the image is completely normal. The vision is normal because these three American citizens have the freedom to walk where they choose, with whom they choose. The word freedom is often overlooked and taken for granted by those who have it. A popular idea of freedom is: â€Å"Freedom lets someone do whatever he chooses to do.† Although this thought of freedom is technically correct, the phrase barely scratches the surface of the idea of freedom. Freedom comes from Old†¦show more content†¦Works Cited Freedom. Etymonline.com. Online Etymology Dictionary. Web. 26 Sept. 2013.Show MoreRelatedThe Law Of Succession Essay1540 Words   |  7 Pagesthe idea of the extended family as a result of which there is a long list of people who may be termed as dependants under the by virtue of relation to a deceased. According to Bromley, the family is the basic social unit, which consists of a husband, wife and their children. It is beyond controversy that this definition of a family cannot hold water within an African traditional set up. It is clearly untenable. By specifically limiting itself to the nuclear family, this definition effectively excludesRead MorePrivacy And The Right Of Privacy1540 Words   |  7 PagesBy definition, privacy is the ability of an individual to seclude themselves or information about themselves from the individuals around them or the community they live in. Almost all countries have laws in place to protect an individual’s privacy because it is under the illusion as a fundamental human right. In this paper, I will argue laws that establish the use of contraceptives and the right to receive an abortion as a right of privacy have failed to work within society, but if the right to autonomyRead MoreThe Definition Of A Freedom Fighter935 Words   |  4 PagesH ow is one to know if the groups fighting in these areas are terrorists or freedom fighters? To fully understand, once must first define all the terms involved in classifying groups as freedom fighters. Once these concepts are defined, one can attempt to define what the term freedom fighter means and use that definition as a basis for classifying groups as terrorists or freedom fighters. The classical definition of a freedom fighter according to the Miriam-Webster Dictionary is â€Å"a person who takesRead MoreReligious Persecution of Christian Beliefs875 Words   |  4 Pagesa black and white topic with a clear definition. I thought that religious persecution was simply the persecution of a group because of their religious faith. 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Each of these arguments may then extended to respectively allow discrimination against a protected class by a corporation or individual because the corporation or individual claims that an aspect of the protected class is against their religion. An example of this was the refusal of a baker to bake a cake for a gay wedding because he was opposed to gay marriage (Gershman Audi, 2015). Freedom of religion is a defense for parties who discriminate based on characteristicsRead MoreUnderstanding Contemporary Leisure Essay649 Words   |  3 PagesAristotle’s teachings and philosophies were significant in not only defining leisure but also exploring its relationship within society. To better understand leisure we should look more closely at Aristotle’ s definition of the word. De Grazia (1962) writes that Aristotle defined leisure as â€Å"freedom from the necessity of labor† (p.11). Aristotle believed all labor and occupation was the antithesis of leisure. The Greek translation of leisure is ‘schole.’ It is interesting to note that the Greek translationRead MoreThe Ethics Of Foucault And Today1166 Words   |  5 Pagesahead of his time, most of his views stemming from his definition of ethics, morality, freedom and power and their coexistence and dependency on one another. Foucault’s definition of ethics first begins with the difference between ethics and morality. A described by Kenneth Wain, professor of philosophy at the University of Malta, Foucault describes the difference of morality and ethics as â€Å"in contrast with ethics, which has to do with freedom, morality has to do with truth† (164). The separationRead MoreThe United Nations Universal Human Rights Essay1657 Words   |  7 Pageslimitations of each. 2. Articles 22 and 27’s Definition of ‘Cultural’ and Connection to Cultural Relativism While Articles 22 and 27 do not outline a clear definition of ‘culture’ or ‘cultural,’ I understand these specific Articles to describe ‘cultural’ as the practices within a specific community that members of the community use to mature. Specifically, Article 22—â€Å"indispensable for his dignity and the free development of his personality†Ã¢â‚¬â€uses culture as a freedom necessary for individual dignity and

Health and Wellness - 1967 Words

Optimal Health and Wellness Aaron-John P McDonald COM/172 February 21, 2014 Robert Eakins Optimal Health and Wellness . A better understanding about how our bodies and minds function has been better observed by scientists and brought to the attention of the general public. Research has introduced three elements of health and wellness and how nutrition and fitness as active parts of our lives. Research has also discovered ways for preventing major diseases such as cancer and diabetes. Preventing awful effects in our environment and protecting the immune system is part of action plans researchers have discovered to play an important role in improved physical health and wellness. Physical Health It is important to get enough rest†¦show more content†¦Not that this might happen anyway. In fact most people try to change in thing in their life usually find themselves giving up. This is why one should create a plan that they can achieve and give themselves a chance to achieve the plan in steps so that it will not be so hard to make it to the end of the plan Strategies for preventing each disease: cancer, diabetes, cardio-vascular disease Diabetes According to the CDC, type 1 diabetes was previously known as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus or IDDM for short (Basics about Diabetes, 2013). Type 2 diabetes was labeled as just the opposite, non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus or IDDM (Basics about Diabetes, 2013). Type 2 diabetes accounts for 90 – 95% of all diagnosed cases of diabetes. Diabetes can result from poor genetics, poor health choices throughout life, malnutrition, infections, or other less than common illnesses. Preventing diabetes requires healthy eating habits, maintaining a range of healthy nutrition intake. Having a regular form of physical activity will also help in preventing the onset of diabetes as well as Cardiovascular Disease. Cardio-vascular Disease Cardio-vascular disease, also referred to as CVD, refers to several conditions that affect the heart and blood vessels (Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Control, 2013). When speaking about CVD, the CDC states the most common type of heart disease in the United States is coronary arteryShow MoreRelatedHealth Of Health And Wellness1839 Words   |  8 Pagespaper discusses health and wellness as related to activities, the scopes of health and wellness, the factors that influence health and wellness in relation to sport, and how to acquire health and wellness and its importance. So I learned in this health class is about eating healthy and eating nutrition food like chicken and white rice great organic food ect .For example Heath and wellness are key components in my life. To me, so I m talk about me first then my family and so no health issues suchRead MoreHealth and Wellness673 Words   |  3 PagesAinsley Stewart Health and Wellness Prof. Michael Wagstaff Hepatitis A What is the infectious agent (pathogen) that causes this infectious disease? Hepatitis A virus HAV is an RNA virus classified as a picornavirus. How is this infectious agent transmitted through food or water? There are a number of ways that one can get the HAV and there are; person-to-person contact; through exposure to contaminated water, ice, or shellfish harvested from sewage-contaminated water; or from fruitsRead MoreReflection On Health And Wellness905 Words   |  4 PagesPart A: Health and Wellness What health and wellness mean to me may be different than what the textbook would state health and wellness is. Health means to me the condition in which your body is, which could be poor or good health. The mind,spirit,physicality would pertain all to the state of ones body. Wellness is the consistent goal towards being in wellness meaning that one strives to be in good personal health. The book describes wellness as; â€Å" wellness is the physical-well being , emotional-wellRead MoreHealth and Wellness in the Workplace1154 Words   |  5 PagesHealth and Wellness in the Workplace Health and wellness in the workplace is crucial to business success. Healthy employees are more productive and they cost less. The quality of health is intimately connected to the quality of life. Companies that promote healthy lifestyle habits for employees to improve their health, often take the success of the company to heart and are likely to be absent less often for health related reasons. Employers are now offering a wide range of wellness initiatives;Read MoreNutrition : Health And Wellness797 Words   |  4 PagesLark Group topic: Health and Wellness In today’s session, PO learned about how drugs and alcohol can disrupt the normal functioning of the body and how better nutrition can help diminish some of these biochemical and digestive problems. PO had moderately participated in the group activities and discussion by actively asking and answering questions that address â€Å"Balanced Nutrition†. PO seemed to gain an understanding about how poor diet choices and nutritional deficiencies plays role in his recoveryRead MoreA Wellness Approach to Health1236 Words   |  5 PagesWellness Approach to Health Life expectancy in the United States is below most of the developed world and yet Americans pay the most for healthcare (CIA). The reason that Americans are so low on the list is their dependency on conventional medicine. Whereas other countries take a holistic approach to overall health and wellness, preventing diseases before they become a problem, the American system of medicine treats illnesses and the symptoms without preventing further damage. The result is anRead MoreHealth and Wellness Education841 Words   |  4 Pages*Health And* Wellness Education HWE 100 HUMAN NUTRITION 3 CREDITS Introduces basic principles of nutrition with emphasis on personal nutrition. Satisfies nutrition requirement of students entering healthcare professions. HWE 108 WEIGHT LOSS 1 CREDIT Focuses on combining a healthy diet and exercise to shed unwanted pounds and inches. The course will include online sessions that will focus on personal habits including diet that lead to weight gain and exercise session appropriateRead MoreAnalysis Of Health Of Health And Wellness Essay1128 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of Health Views Health is defined by Straub as, â€Å" a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being. It involves physical as well as psychological and social well- being† (2012). The well being of an individual also includes social conditions, biological factors, and personality traits (Straub, 2012). Both health and wellness is highly looked over by individuals, this is until they understand how an illness destroys their body. However, to understand the views individualsRead MoreHealth / Wellness And Illness1551 Words   |  7 PagesHealth and wellness is a state of well-being when an individual is completely capable physically, psychologically, and socially. Everyone has a different view of what healthy means due to their age, gender, race, beliefs, and the environment they live in. Comparing Health/Wellness and Illness/Disease When comparing health and wellness to disease and illness there are various differences and some similarities. Illness and disease is when a person cannot partially or completely function mentally,Read MoreQuestions On Health And Wellness908 Words   |  4 Pagesyou asked students to share with the class to define what the words health and wellness meant. At first I didn’t know what the actual definitions for neither of the words. I always just had the idea that health was more based on what you eat, and wellness was more about the physical part, like working out and exercising. Those were my definitions of health and wellness, but I never really thought about the other dimensions of wellness, such as; emotional, intellectual, interpersonal, spiritual, and

Modern Philosophies Contrasting Terms - 1225 Words

The Cogito, ergo sum expression dominates a series of philosophical topics and Descartes is probably one of the most passionate philosophers to discus in regard to it across time. However, many philosophers prefer the Volo, ergo sum expression and actually consider that it expresses the willed effort that makes it possible for individuals to understand the existence of the mind. Although philosophy and business are not exactly in a close relationship, the two have always managed to function together as a result of the fact that individuals in the workplace needed to be addressed through the correct channels. Managers come across more and more critical life issues that can affect their business environment and thus need to be provided with philosophical teachings meant to assist them in experiencing as little negative effects as possible. Managers in the contemporary society need to acknowledge that they are the ones in charge of the working environment and that it is essential for them to get actively involved in making it more productive, even if this means that they would need to direct their attention towards concepts that are not considered traditional in the field of management. Managers are apparently the most effective when they realize that it is their job to focus on the larger social environment in trying to do their job. Managing is thus not all about the business world and a successful manager would need to concentrate on more than just achieving successShow MoreRelatedTheories of Human Nature 670 Words   |  3 Pages The theme of this course is theories of human nature, theories of human nature is an historical scope of philosophy. Theories of human nature provides a philosophical analysis into human nature through the investigation of issues, including the mind and body, perceptions and conception, freedom and determinism, death and immortality, the relation of the human to nature and the divine, and reason and emotion (Professor Galgan, Course Syllabus). The two articles written by Dr. Galgan, â€Å"Infinity andRead MoreWhat ´s Deconstruvist Architecture? Essay1015 Words   |  5 PagesRem Koolhaas, Daniel Liebeskind, Frank Gehry and Zaha Hadid. Modern day ‘starchitects’ who - through their practice of deconstructivist architecture - have heavily influenced the overall approach to today’s architecture. But what exactly is deconstructivist architecture? Is it a derivative of postmodernist principles, or something of its own entirety? Through the analysis of particular mod ern day architects and their works, deconstructivism ascertains its emergence as a separate architectural formRead MoreReconciling Moral Theories889 Words   |  4 Pagesdetermining the compatibility of their particulars can be a daunting task. Determining the compatibility of John Stuart Mill’s modern moral theory of utilitarianism with Aristotle’s pre-modern moral philosophy will involve an in-depth exploration for each moral philosophy, comparing and contrasting the smallest details of each. To start, an understanding of Aristotelian moral philosophy is fundamental. Aristotle basesd his theory on the concepts of â€Å"virtue,† coming from the Greek word â€Å"arà ªte† meaning â€Å"excellence†Read MoreThinking Outside the Box of Christianity Essay1130 Words   |  5 Pagesunorthodox perspectives, for example, Max Demian’s contrasting interpretation of the story of Cain and Abel, he is forced to challenge some of his beliefs. Also, when Emil starts to develop desires that conflict with his Christian observance he is compelled to decide whether or not to stay faithful to his beliefs. Although Christianity is a significant factor that influences Emil Sinclair’s thought process and actions, ultimately it is the contrasting and distinct viewpoints that help Sinclair determineRead MoreNationalism And The National Mold Of The Majority Faction957 Words   |  4 PagesWhen Americans think of nationalism, most conjecture visions of high-flying flags, soldiers returning from war, and a montage of red, white and blue. Some envision fireworks on the Fourth of July, or a hometown parade on Memorial Day. To many, the term â€Å"nationalism,† is just a synonym for â€Å"patriotism,† or the emotional allegiance one feels to his or her country. But in fact, nationalism carries a wholly different meaning, one that has earned a negative connotation especially over the past few centuriesRead MoreRace, Feminism, And Marxism1032 Words   |  5 PagesPolitical philosophy is the use of philosophical analysis skills when applied to politics. (Abate, â€Å"Political Philosophy†) There are various subtopics discussed among philosophers including the state, justice, and its necessity in the state. In order to discuss such topics, we must first know what justice is. To be just or unjust can be defined in a variety of ways by different people whose outlooks come from completely contrasting perspectives. In this essay I will look at defining justice fromRead MoreThe Four Humors And Their Influence Through Time1430 Words   |  6 Pagesand chemistry. The continuation of humors began with Galen of Pergamon, a Greek surgeon, physician, and philosopher who lived in the Roman Empire, who influenced the development of many different scientific disciplines, such as anatomy, neurology, philosophy, and pathology. Much of his understanding of anatomy and medicine, however, came from the theory of humorism, or the four humors. Shortly after Hippocrates introduced the idea, Galen added onto it, stating that when one the scale between the fourRead MorePostmodernism : Modernism And Postmodernism1549 Words   |  7 PagesModernism and Postmodernism To begin with, to determine the meaning of postmodernism is possible only through the relationship with modernism. Modernism in modern science is understood as a kind of cultural consciousness, which is implemented in the artistic practice of symbolism, expressionism and acmeism. In the socio-historical context, it means the period of modernism in the development of culture from the late nineteenth to mid-twentieth century, that is, from Impressionism to a new novel andRead MoreThe Prophet, Muhammad, Islam1349 Words   |  6 PagesBible, comprising of the Jewish Bible and the New Testament. The Christian Bible is constructed from the Old and New Testament. Thus, the two contrasting religions exemplify the same text, The New Testament. Politically speaking, in both spiritualities the religion is separate from the state, or government. Whereas theses comparisons are still veracious, contrasting aspects still prevail. Although for Christianity the church is detached from the state, a t specified times the pope was held at a higherRead MorePlato And Platos Theory Of A Just Society1122 Words   |  5 PagesThe cultivation and expression of justice is a pillar in the classical tradition of Greek philosophy. Plato was one of the first contributors to the many theories surrounding justice. Over the course of history many individuals expanded on his ideas to form their own theories. Of these individuals, many supported a utilitarian outlook. Jeremy Bentham, one of the earliest utilitarian’s, devised many theories on justice that are still held to high esteem today. These theories share much similarity

Discussing the Front Piece of the Leviathan Free Essays

Salah Rushdy POLI 357 Discussing the front piece of the leviathan The Latin quote on the book cover translates into â€Å"There is no power on earth to be compared to him†. According to my own interpretation, in this front piece of Thomas Hobbes leviathan, the sea monster is presented as the absolute sovereign. He rules the people that form his being. We will write a custom essay sample on Discussing the Front Piece of the Leviathan or any similar topic only for you Order Now All the people of that state are looking up to him in the image as to express their submission and acceptance of the social contract to be ruled. In the front piece, the leviathan holds two objects in his hand which are a crosier and a sword. A crosier in Christianity is a symbol of the governing office of the bishop or apostle. Here, one can assume that what Hobbes meant by the leviathan holding a crosier is that the absolute sovereign of the state will be in charge of the spiritual side of the state to prevent any disagreements or religious wars. One has to understand as well that the era by which Thomas Hobbes was living in witnessed a century worth of religious warfare and the book itself was written during the English civil war. So a lot of his philosophy regarding the state of nature and social contract was a solution to the war existed at his era. The sword resembles power by which all has to abide or else will be obligated to face the consequences raised by breaking the social contract which will be perceived as a threat to the stability of the sovereignty as a whole. How to cite Discussing the Front Piece of the Leviathan, Papers

Marketing Strategy for Purpose and Direction- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theMarketing Strategy for Purpose and Direction. Answer: Introduction Strategy is defined as the way or the means with the help of which organizations are able to achieve their desired objectives and goals. Strategies act as a guiding framework for the organizations, which help them in accomplishment of organizational goals. According to Wordsmyth dictionary, strategy is defined as a plan, series or method of actions which are designed with the objective of achieving a goal, objective or effect of the organization. (Foundations of Strategy, 2017). Businesses need strategy with common reasons like to give purpose and direction, effective deployment of resources and coordinating decision- making. Strategy is formulated keeping in mind certain objectives like creating advantage, renewing advantage and sustaining advantage with the objective of producing superior value of business ecosystem. Likewise, the theories of strategy try to explain some underlying forces responsible for producing this advantage or primary factors which can be considered in produci ng advantage. Some of the theories of strategy are classical, evolutionary, systematic and processual theories of strategy (Managing Research Library, 2017). Strategic thrusts are the initiatives which are at high level and they arise out of the strategic vision of the company and also serve as a guideline for the action plans with the objective of attaining some over-arching goals. It helps the company in deriving maximum information from the companys resources for the purpose of gaining competitive advantage (MBA Skool, 2017). The report will talk about a specific business unit of a company and what role does it play in the organization. Before going towards the next section, there is a need to understand the role of Strategic Business Unit (SBU) within the business. A strategic business unit also known as SBU is the functional unit of business having its own directions and vision. SBU acts and operates like separate entity or business unit having a considerable importance within the company. SBU reports its operational status to its headquarters. It acts independently giving its own of performing actions and target market. SBU has its own business functions such as HR, training sessions etc. and holds several benefits of having SBU within a business. (The Economic Times, 2017). Role of SBU within business is that SBUs make a business organized, things can be micro managed, segmentation, targeting and positioning can be done easily, helps in decision- making and also contributes to the profitability of the business (Bhasin, 2016). The company discussed in the report is Myer, founded by Sydney Myer. Myer is the largest department store group of Australia been consistently synonymous with their style and fashion for 100 years. The company is having 67 stores in the most prominent retail locations of Australia with their well-recognized name along with having a huge support from their new online portal enhancing their digital presence. This creates an Omni-channel experience for the customers from which they choose from. The company provides inspiration to the customers, employees, shareholders, suppliers and communities. The merchandise offered by Myer are divided into 11 product categories viz. Menswear, womens wear, Intimate apparel, childrens wear, cosmetics and fragrance and beauty products. It also offers electrical goods, footwear, accessories, handbags, toys and many other types of general merchandize. So the company is the leader in Australias retailing industry and is Australias largest department store group. It is a heritage build on market innovation and involvement of community (Myer, 2017; Myer, 2016). Discussion The Strategic Business unit that we will be taking in this report is the Womens clothing of Myer. It is separate unit of Myer having its own ways to operate the business and standing as a single separate business unit. It operates separately within the name of Myer and reports its operational status to the Myer, which is the parent company. The SBU and the company, focuses on providing fresh and trendy fashion for professional, off-duty and normal wear. The company is committed for hitting fresh arrivals on the wardrobe with these sartorial staples. They provide for work-wear, off duty chic with blue jeans and slouchy tees. The womens wear SBU of Myer provides a range of products such as dresses, coats, jackets, tops, t-shirts, singlets, jumpers, shirts, blouses, pants, leggings, skirts, activewear, jeans, workwear, jumpsuit, shorts, swimwear, petite size and plus size (Myer, 2017). Market Strategy The strategy at business unit level is determined on the basis of three Cs- customer, competition and company. Based on the experience of different companies it is evident that the strategy of the business units can be formulated by placing them on two-by-two matrix including industry maturity and competitive position. Industry maturity or attractiveness can be studied with reference to the industry life-cycle stage. Factors that can be considered in determining industry maturity are growth rate, breadth of product line, perspectives regarding market share, ease of entry, industry potential, and number of competitors, customers purchasing pattern and technological developments. There are four stages in industry maturity viz. Embryonic, growth, and maturity and aging stage. In embryonic stage, there is a narrow product line and changes are done frequently to meet customer needs. In growth stage, there is a rapid proliferation of the product lines. At maturity stage, it is attempted to orient products according to specific segments and in the aging stage, there is shrinkage of product lines. After analyzing the industry on the above mentioned factors, it is found out that the company is experiencing rapid expansion of sales because of the market development. It is seen from the analysis that the shares, technology and customers of the company are better known and it will be difficult for the new market entrants to enter the industry. Therefore, it is clear that the industry is in the growing stage. Competitive position is another matrix for formulating the strategy at business level. Competitive position of the business does not merely depend on its market share but, other factors like capacity utilization, degree of integration, management strength, current profitability and distinctive product advantages. There are four competitive positions viz. dominant, strong, favorable, tenable or weak. From the analysis it is drawn that the SBU can take independent actions without any danger to its long -term position and the SBU manages to maintain its long- term position in light and face of the competitors action. Therefore, it is concluded that the competitive position of SBU is deemed strong. Therefore, in short, it can be said that the industry is in the growing stage and the SBU is deemed strong as the brand name supports the positioning of the SBU and Myer is the largest department store group of Australia and have a competitive advantage as it is the largest among all and also, the industry is in growing phase (Jain, Haley, Voola, Wickham, Osbourne, 2011; Young Burgess, 2015; Marketing Teacher, 2017; Denny, 2017). There are three types of core marketing strategies that a company may use which are operational excellence, customer intimacy and product leadership. The most viable approach for the womens clothing SBU of Myer will be operational excellence. The strategy of operational excellence includes middle off the market product offerings at the best affordable prices along with least inconvenience. This strategy involves least customer proposition it also includes low prices and hassle free services or a combination of both. In order to get better results after final selection of core strategy, supporting strategies should be delineated. This is because a mix of core and supporting strategies will help in coordinating with the needs of the market place, the vagaries of the competition and the skills of the company. The strategy of operational excellence is the most viable for the womens clothing SBU as it includes convenience in services with low affordable prices, which will help the busines s unit in penetrating into the market, with increased sales and profit shares under a reputed and well established brand name. The company can pair its core strategy of operational excellence with supporting strategies like product, distribution and promotion in order to get better results. It is the most viable for the business unit as it provides no-hassle services, sharpen distribution systems. In addition to this, it is profitable for organizational arrangement as it includes strong central authority and finite level of empowerment. The strategy also believes in one size fits all and acts in a predictable manner. The strategy also helps in developing and maintaining standard operating procedures. Because of the above stated reasons, the core strategy of operational excellence will be best suited for the SBU. In addition to this, operational excellence helps in achieving cost leadership. As the customers of the business unit are price sensitive this strategy will be most feasible as the cost leadership acts as a path towards continued growth (MaRS, 2013; Jain, Haley, Voola, Wickham, Osbourne, 2011). Portfolio Analysis The portfolio analysis tool which is applied here is the Product life cycle. Every product goes through certain stages in their life cycle in which each stage is affected by different competitive conditions. At different stages, there is a need to apply different marketing stages with best suited for the product at that particular stage. This is done in order to realize the sales and profit in a more efficient manner. The life cycle of the product is depicted using an S-shaped curve which is divided into four stages- introduction, growth, maturity and decline. The introduction stage is the initial phase of the product life cycle when the product is just introduced in the market and experiencing slow growth. In the growth stage, the survivors of the introduction stage come in and enjoy rapid growth and improved profits. In the maturity phase, the product gets stable and gains maturity including intense rivalry in a mature market. The last one is the decline stage, where the product fa ils to manage its profit and there is a decline in sales leading to the decline of the product in its life cycle. The main products of the SBU which is workwear, off duty and slouchy tees are significantly in demand. The workwear product of the SBU sits at the maturity stage as it is the only product of the SBU which is at the highest peak of its sales, providing low cost per customer, earning higher profits and have majority of customers. The off duty clothes are at the growing stage as they are experiencing rapidly rising sales, providing average cost products as per customer, managing rising profits with growing number of competitors and early adopter customers additionally. The slouchy tees are at the introductory stage as they have been launched recently and have low sales and negative profits, providing products at high cost per customer, have innovative customer segment and a few customers (Jain, Haley, Voola, Wickham, Osbourne, 2011; Ã… ½ic, HadÃ… ¾i?, Ikoni?, 2009; Jblear ning, 2017) (Ã… ½ic, HadÃ… ¾i?, Ikoni?, 2009). Strategic Development Tools In order to formulate strategy, there is a need for systematic procedures which can help an organization in developing strategies. Therefore, there are some selected tools and models which help in strategy development. Model is defined as the instrument which is directed towards helping in searching, screening, analyzing, selecting and implementing a particular course of action. There are eight models which can be applied directly to marketing strategies and they are- the experience curve concept, value based planning, the Delphi technique, Cross impact analysis, the profit impact of marketing strategy model, game theory, trend impact analysis, and scenario building. Two of the above stated strategy development tools are discussed as below- Experience Curve Concept It is proven fact that practice makes perfect and leads to better results. It is commonly known that beginners are slow and clumsy but, with practice, beginners grow and improve to the point where their own permanent level of skill is being reached. Anyone who owns a business will be very known by the fact that the initial times in a business venture does not turns out to be profitable immediately. A successful business person states that learning and experience will lead to improvement. Afterwards it was observed that the experience curve is not only limited to the production units but, it embraces all areas of business. The importance of experience curve is worldwide but it fails when it comes to marketing objectives and pricing decisions. It is said that all the costs will go down with the increase of experience. Thus, in case a company will acquire high market share cost will decline and it will lead to reduced prices. With its effect, lowered prices will still somehow manage to acquire higher market share. In the time of growth, a company continues to make profit but with the objective of growing it, the company needs to reinvest the accumulated profits. Thus, the experience effect has been used in most of industries but this concept is least applicable in marketing. Some of the benefits of this concept are- It provides an accurate description of the relationship between cost and volume. The accumulated experience from the first product can help in providing extra advantage to the company in reducing the prices. Gaining of experience with time will help in setting the business in long run as the situations are best handled with good experience. Experience leads to accelerated business activities and, therefore, tasks can be completed with much greater efficiency. The concept of experience is not limited to production alone instead it is applicable in almost all cost areas of business. (The Economist, 2009; Henderson, 2017) Delphi Technique Delphi technique is a method which involves making forecasts and future decisions on the basis of expert opinion. It helps in forecasting future trends and preference shifts and their significant impact on future strategic environment and needs. The Delphi method was formulated for overcoming the issues and weaknesses of the committee method. The Delphi method is becoming more prominent and increasingly significant in forecasting the future events and it is used by most of the organizations with the objective of long rage forecasting. Some of the benefits of Delphi techniques are- Efficient way to gain information from the experts. Involves less effort at the part of respondents in answering any questionnaire. It includes use of systematic procedure which leads to productive outcomes. It includes more accurate forecasts when compared to traditional statistical techniques. By seeing the responses of such knowledgeable persons, it can turn out to be a motivating factor for group of experts. (Thangaratinam Redman, 2011) Summary The approaches stated above plays a significant role in the strategic planning and implementation process such as it contributes in measuring the strategic performances and achieving strategic planning effectiveness. Strategy tracking and progress evaluation of the established objectives is one of the most important tasks in strategy implementation. The three basic considerations- selecting measure for performance, setting standards for performance and designing reports is put together in performance management system. The selection of performance measure is done with the help of the above adopted strategies. The measures which are relevant to the adopted strategies by SBU is being chosen. Further the performance standards, expected values and targets are established in coordination with the strategies selected and the strategic position of the business unit. Therefore, the above stated strategies help in measuring strategic performances. References Bhasin, H. (2016, December 2). 6 Reasons Strategic business units are important. Retrieved may 22, 2017, from Marketing91.com: https://www.marketing91.com/6-reasons-strategic-business-units-important/ Denny. (2017). Stage of Industry Maturity and Relevant Competitive Position. Retrieved may 22, 2017, from Yourarticlelibrary.com: https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/industries/stage-of-industry-maturity-and-relevant-competitive-position/43552/ Foundations of Strategy. (2017). The concept of strategy. Retrieved may 22, 2017, from Foundationsofstrategy.com: https://www.foundationsofstrategy.com/files/4914/2901/0015/c01.pdf Henderson, B. (2017). The Experience CurveReviewed (Part I). Retrieved may 22, 2017, from Bcgperspectives.com: https://www.bcgperspectives.com/content/Classics/strategy_supply_chain_management_experience_curve_reviewed_the_concept/ Jain, S. C., Haley, . T., Voola, ., Wickham, M., Osbourne, P. (2011). Marketing planning and strategy. Australia: Cengage Learning. Jblearning. (2017). Product development and portfolio analysis. Retrieved may 22, 2017, from Jblearning.com: https://www.jblearning.com/samples/0763763276/63275_CH01_Fortenberry.pdf Managing Research Library. (2017). Strategy - Theories. Retrieved may 22, 2017, from Managingresearchlibrary.org: https://managingresearchlibrary.org/glossary/strategy-theories Marketing Teacher. (2017). The Arthur D Little (ADL) Strategic Condition Matrix. Retrieved may 22, 2017, from Marketingteacher.com: https://www.marketingteacher.com/the-arthur-d-little-adl-strategic-condition-matrix/ MaRS. (2013, December 6). Competitive strategies in operational excellence, customer intimacy and product leadership. Retrieved may 22, 2017, from Marsdd.com: https://www.marsdd.com/mars-library/competitive-strategies-in-operational-excellence-customer-intimacy-and-product-leadership/ MBA Skool. (2017). Strategic Thrusts Wiseman. Retrieved may 22, 2017, from Mbaskool.com: https://www.mbaskool.com/business-concepts/marketing-and-strategy-terms/2050-sssstrategic-thrusts-wiseman.html Myer. (2016). Annual Report 2016. Myer. Myer. (2017). Myer Today. Retrieved may 22, 2017, from Myer.com.au: https://www.myer.com.au/p/about-myer/the-company/about-us/content-myer-today/ Myer. (2017). Women's Clothing. Retrieved may 22, 2017, from Myer.com.au: https://www.myer.com.au/shop/mystore/women/clothing Thangaratinam, S., Redman, C. W. (2011). The Delphi technique. The Economic Times. (2017). Definition of 'Strategic Business Unit'. Retrieved may 22, 2017, from https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/definition/strategic-business-unit The Economist. (2009, September). The experience curve. Retrieved may 22, 2017, from Economist.com: https://www.economist.com/node/14298944 Young, L., Burgess, B. (2015). Marketing Tools and Techniques. John Wiley Sons. Ã… ½ic, S., HadÃ… ¾i?, H., Ikoni?, M. (2009). Portfolio Analysis A Useful Management Tool.

The Rise of The Golden Horde Essay Example For Students

The Rise of The Golden Horde Essay May 4, 1997HS123hLibertyBlock 3Thesis:The Mongols rose to power because they were a highly advanced culture as seen through theirmilitary technology, their trade and preservation of elaborate art work, and their fairadministrative policy. The Mongols were one of the most feared groups in history. The very mention of thename Genghis Khan struck terror into every king and every peasant. How did a scatteredcollection of goat herders, led by the fatherless child of a minor chieftain, build the largestempire in history? How were they able to build an empire that would eventually stretch acrossAsia, India, the Mid-East and Eastern Europe? The Mongols were able to rise to power becausethey were a highly advanced culture as seen through their military technology, their trade andpreservation of elaborate art work, and their fair administrative policy. One of the greatest factors in the Mongols favor was their highly advanced militarytechnology. Mongols were so skilled at siege-craft that they rarely lost when besieging a castle. In order to use the latest in military siege craft, the Mongols contracted Chinese and MiddleEastern engineers who could design, build and use siege devices like catapults (Lemonick, 67). On one occasion the Mongols built their own wall outside the citys own walls so they couldshoot missiles from relative safety. When the Mongols besieged a city, they also used manyingenious strategies. One of the most commonly used Mongol tactic was to besiege the city for awhile, then fall back. The army inside the city walls, thinking the Mongols were retreating,would open the gates and come out in pursuit. From there the powerful Mongols would destroythe tired army, which was probably suffering water and food shortages inside the sealed-offwalls. One very clever tactic used by the Mongols was the use of water. On one o ccasion that the caliphs troops ventured forth, the Mongols broke a dikebehind them, trapping them with flood waters. (Edwards, The Great Khans, 25)This quote refers to an incident when the city of Nishapur, capital of Shah Mohammed. TheMongols used almost the same strategy when attacking Xi Xia. The Mongols, unable to take thecity by conventional means, looked to a nearby river and broke its levy. This flood eitherthreatened to or did destroy the citys wall, and forced the city to surrender (Edwards, Lord of theMongols, 37). The Mongols also had good weapons for non-siege warfare. Their greatestbattlefield asset was their horse. The hardy Mongols ponies were treated with such care thatmany people today may think of it as pampering. Because of these ponies, the Mongol cavalryhad the ability to advance on its enemy at astonishing speed. Mongols also made use of stirrups,which allowed them to ride standing up and to shoot arrows in any direction. The Mongols alsohad a well-developed c ommunication system, called orto that involved riders carryingmessages on horseback, similar to the pony express. This system was highly important inlearning about and deterring any potential enemies (Kessier, 52). The Mongols also made a lasting contribution through their preservation and creation ofsuperb art work. A great gift of the Mongols was their preservation of Chinese, Indian, and Mid-Eastern art styles. During the reign of Kublai Khan many Chinese works including porcelain andsilk clothing were brought to his court. Bejeweled and robed in silk, he Kublai Khan ruled from a palace whose wallswere plated with gold and silver and decorated with the figures of dragons, beastsand birds (Time, 26)Kublai obviously had a taste for Chinese luxuries. By bringing artworks to his court, he was ableto preserve them. The Mongols also influenced the works of other countries, as seen here:The discovery of Chinese and Indian inspired imagery on porcelain and sculptureconfirm Mongolias role in the cultural exchange between China and Eurasia.(Lemonick, 66)Much artwork that is today considered to be ancient Chinese was influenced or actually madeby the Mongols. They were able to make such influences due to their control of the silk road,the thousand mile long trade network linking Russia, Mongolia, China and India. On this traderoute the Mongols also traded their own work. Their art, however, was much more practical. Asopposed to making vases and paintings, the Mongols carved elaborate designs on their saddlesand weapons like their bows and arrows. Although the Mongols are often portrayed as ruthless cannibals, their treatment of theirvassals was fair and just. The Mongols did not randomly attack and pillage their subject. It wasonly when the vassals rebelled that the Mongols attacked. One Mongol technique was that theyleft Mongol representatives to make sure the city would not rebel. When the city paid its tribute,they were treated well by the Mongols. It was only when they defied the Mongols that they werepunished. A technique the Mongols used to determine if a country was going to remain loyalwas by leaving diplomats. If they were killed after the Mongols left, the Mongol army w ouldreturn to destroy the disloyal city. On one occasion the Xi Xia empire refused to provide theMongols with troops in a time of need. Several years later, the Mongols returned to Xi Xia andre-invaded the city, destroying the entire Xi Xia kingdom. On another occasion, a caravan underMongol protection was traveling through Utar. Believing the caravan was a cover for spies, thegovernor killed all the people in it. Genghis sent an ambassador to the governors ruler, ShahMohammed, demanding the governor be handed over for punishment. The Shah broughtdisaster upon himself by decapitating the ambassador and sending his head back to Genghis. The Mongols attacked the Shahs empire and completely destroyed it. The governor who killedthe caravan, Inalchug, was killed by having molten metal poured down his throat. Mohammedwas also executed. One of the Mongols greatest qualities was their tolerance of all religions. Once a state was conquered its religion was allowed to remain in tact. When the Mongolsinvaded the kingdom of Kara-Khitai, they were welcomed by the Muslim population, who werenot allowed to worship under the leader Kuchlug. Kuchlug had even executed a Muslimreligious leader. When Genghis and his army took the kingdom, he took the Muslims under hiswing and killed Kuchlug (Edwards, 29). He also allowed the kingdoms government to remain. The Mongols can be viewed as a very cultural and advanced civilization through theirmilitary innovations, their contribution to the art world and their fair treatment of their loyalsubjects. The Mongols are often shown in European artwork as eating human flesh; or not beinghuman, but monsters with no heads. As you can see the Mongols were not any of these things. Although they were ambitious conquerors, one must remember that they were more tolerant ofdifferent races and religions than many nations can say they are today.

Biography of Justinian I, Emperor of Byzantine

Biography of Justinian I, Emperor of Byzantine Justinian, or  Flavius Petrus Sabbatius Justinianus, was arguably the most important ruler of the Eastern Roman Empire. Considered by some scholars to be  the last great Roman emperor and the first great Byzantine emperor, Justinian fought to reclaim Roman territory and left a lasting impact on architecture and law. His relationship with his wife, Empress Theodora, would play an essential role in the course of his reign. Justinians Early Years Justinian, whose given name was Petrus Sabbatius, was born in 483 C.E. to peasants in the Roman province of Illyria. He may have still been in his teens when he came to Constantinople. There, under the sponsorship of his mothers brother, Justin, Petrus acquired a superior education. However, thanks to his Latin background, he always spoke Greek with a notable accent. At this time, Justin was a highly-ranked military commander, and Petrus was his favorite nephew. The younger man climbed the social ladder with a hand up from the older, and he held several important offices. In time, the childless Justin officially adopted Petrus, who took the name Justinianus in his honor. In 518, Justin became Emperor. Three years later, Justinian became a consul. Justinian and Theodora Sometime before the year 523, Justinian met the actress Theodora. If The Secret History by Procopius is to be believed, Theodora was a courtesan as well as an actress, and her public performances bordered on the pornographic. Later authors defended Theodora, claiming that she had undergone a religious awakening and that she found ordinary work as a wool spinner to support herself honestly. No one knows precisely how Justinian met Theodora, but he appears to have fallen hard for her. She was not only beautiful, but she was also shrewd and able to appeal to Justinian on an intellectual level. She was also known for her passionate interest in religion; she had become a Monophysite, and Justinian may have taken a measure of tolerance from her plight. They also shared humble beginnings and were somewhat apart from Byzantine nobility. Justinian made Theodora a patrician, and in 525 - the same year that he received the title of Caesar - he made her his wife. Throughout his life, Justinian would rely on Theodora for support, inspiration, and guidance. Rising to the Purple Justinian owed much to his uncle, but Justin was well-repaid by his nephew. He had made his way to the throne through his skill, and he had governed through his strengths; but through much of his reign, Justin enjoyed the advice and allegiance of Justinian. This was especially true as the emperors reign drew to a close. In April of 527, Justinian was crowned co-emperor. At this time, Theodora was crowned Augusta. The two men would share the title for only four months before Justin passed away in August of that same year. Emperor Justinian Justinian was an idealist and a man of great ambition. He believed he could restore the empire to its former glory, both in terms of the territory it encompassed and the achievements made under its aegis. He wanted to reform the government, which had long suffered from corruption, and clear up the legal system, which was heavy with centuries of legislation and outmoded laws. He had great concern for religious righteousness and wanted persecutions against heretics and orthodox Christians alike to end. Justinian also appears to have had a sincere desire to improve the lot of all citizens of the empire. When his reign as sole emperor began, Justinian had many different issues to deal with, all in the space of a few years. Justinians Early Reign One of the very first things Justinian attended to was a reorganization of Roman, now Byzantine, Law. He appointed a commission to begin the first book of what was to be a remarkably extensive and thorough legal code. It would come to be known as the Codex Justinianus  (the  Code of Justinian).  Although the Codex would contain new laws, it was primarily a compilation and clarification of centuries of existing law, and it would become one of the most influential sources in western legal history.   Justinian then set about instituting governmental reforms. The officials he appointed were at times too enthusiastic in rooting out long-entrenched corruption, and the well-connected targets of their reform did not go easily. Riots began to break out, culminating in the most famous Nika Revolt of 532. But thanks to the efforts of Justinians able general Belisarius, the riot was ultimately put down; and thanks to the support of Empress Theodora, Justinian showed the kind of backbone that helped solidify his reputation as a courageous leader. Though he may not have been loved, he was respected. After the revolt, Justinian took the opportunity to conduct a massive construction project that would add to his prestige and make Constantinople an impressive city for centuries to come. This included the rebuilding of the marvelous cathedral, the Hagia Sophia. The building program was not restricted to the capital city, but extended throughout the empire, and included the construction of aqueducts and bridges, orphanages and hostels, monasteries and churches; and it encompassed the restoration of entire towns destroyed by earthquakes (an unfortunately all-too-frequent occurrence). In 542, the empire was struck by a devastating epidemic that would later be known as Justinians Plague or the Sixth-Century Plague. According to Procopius, the emperor himself succumbed to the disease, but fortunately, he recovered. Justinians Foreign Policy When his reign began, Justinians troops were fighting Persian forces along the Euphrates. Although the considerable success of his generals (Belisarius in particular) would allow the Byzantines to conclude equitable and peaceful agreements, war with the Persians would flare up repeatedly through most of Justinians reign. In 533, the intermittent mistreatment of Catholics by the Arian Vandals in Africa came to a disturbing head when the Catholic king of the Vandals, Hilderic, was thrown into prison by his Arian cousin, who took his throne. This gave Justinian an excuse to attack the Vandal kingdom in North Africa, and once again his general Belisarius served him well. When the Byzantines were through with them, the Vandals no longer posed a serious threat, and North Africa became part of the Byzantine Empire. It was Justinians view that the western empire had been lost through indolence, and he believed it his duty to re-acquire territory in Italy - especially Rome - as well as other lands that had once been part of the Roman Empire. The Italian campaign lasted well over a decade, and thanks to Belisarius and Narses, the peninsula ultimately came under Byzantine control - but at a terrible cost. Most of Italy was devastated by the wars, and a few short years after Justinians death, invading Lombards were able to capture large portions of the Italian peninsula. Justinians forces were far less successful in the Balkans. There, bands of Barbarians continually raided Byzantine territory, and though occasionally repulsed by imperial troops, ultimately, Slavs and Bulgars invaded and settled within the borders of the Eastern Roman Empire. Justinian and the Church Emperors of Eastern Rome usually took a direct interest in ecclesiastical matters and often played a significant role in the direction of the Church. Justinian saw his responsibilities as emperor in this vein. He forbade pagans and heretics from teaching, and he closed the famous Academy for being pagan and not, as was often charged, as an act against classical learning and philosophy.   Though an adherent to Orthodoxy himself, Justinian recognized that much of Egypt and Syria followed the Monophysite form of Christianity, which had been branded a heresy. Theodoras support of the Monophysites undoubtedly influenced him, at least in part, to attempt to strike a compromise. His efforts did not go well. He tried to force western bishops to work with the Monophysites and even held Pope Vigilius in Constantinople for a time. The result was a break with the papacy that lasted until 610 C.E.   Justinians Later Years After the death of Theodora in 548, Justinian showed a marked decline in activity and appeared to withdraw from public matters. He became deeply concerned with theological issues, and at one point even went so far as to take a heretical stand, issuing in 564 an edict declaring that the physical body of Christ was incorruptible and that it only appeared to suffer. This was immediately met with protests and refusals to follow the edict, but the issue was resolved when Justinian died suddenly on the night of November 14/15, 565. His nephew, Justin II succeeded Justinian.   The Legacy of Justinian For nearly 40 years, Justinian guided a burgeoning, dynamic civilization through some of its most turbulent times. Although much of the territory acquired during his reign was lost after his death, the infrastructure he succeeded in creating through his building program would remain. And while both his foreign expansion endeavors and his domestic construction project would leave the empire in financial difficulty, his successor would remedy that without too much trouble. Justinians reorganization of the administrative system would last some time, and his contribution to legal history would be even more far-reaching.   After his death, and after the death of the writer Procopius (a highly respected source for Byzantine history), a scandalous exposà © was published known to us as The Secret History. Detailing an imperial court rife with corruption and depravity, the work - which most scholars believe was indeed written by Procopius, as it was claimed - attacks both Justinian and Theodora as greedy, debauched and unscrupulous. While most scholars acknowledge the authorship of Procopius, the content of The Secret History remains controversial; and over the centuries, while it tarred the reputation of Theodora pretty badly, it has largely failed to reduce the stature of Emperor Justinian. He remains one of the most impressive and important emperors in Byzantine history.